Super duplex stainless steels are metals with an attractive combination of high strength and great resistance to stress corrosion as well as great ease of welding (Giel, 2007). As a result of these properties they have widespread application in a number of industries including oil and gas, power, pulp and paper, and petrochemical industries (Sagasegawa et al. 2008). It is currently estimated that SDSS makes up to 10% of the total applications of stainless steel in the world and that proportion is projected to rise in the future (Nilsson, 2008). However, it is now evident that SDSS is vulnerable to corrosion in certain conditions; Newton and Hausler (2005) indicate that when SDSS is exposed to environments rich in hydrogen, they face a great chance of being made brittle and susceptible to corrosion by the hydrogen. This is exemplified by recent reports of failures of parts of equipment made of SDSS on one of the North Sea oil platforms owned by BP and a sub-sea structure belonging to Shell (Newton & Hausler, 2005; Pohl & Ibach, 2007). Continue reading →

Abstract
Solid waste accumulation has become a challenging aspect in the world today. The management of waste has also become a challenging task and waste management solutions to these problems seem incapable of handling solid waste. In the past, solid waste was manageable because it consisted of biodegradable materials. However, the nature of solid waste changed with industrial revolution and handling it became extremely difficult. The potential risks associated with waste and challenges of handling it is of significance importance to economists, psychologists, doctors, engenderers, climate scientists, and environmental scientists. Waste management methods such as landfills, recycling, incineration and biological process have been used for long but they seem to be ineffective. New methods of waste management such as thermal blankets, electronic oxidation, and plasma processing alongside integrate waste management approach seem to be the most viable solutions to the problem. In addition, creating a disposal culture and change people’s attitude on waste disposal will help in enhancing the process of waste management in future. Continue reading →

Summary of the Senior Mental Policy

According to the World Health Organization, mental health refers to the state of well-being enabling individuals to maximize their potential while coping with normal aspects of life. The scope of the seniors’ mental health policy is designed with the aim of enhancing and supporting mental health and relevant well-being of the seniors within the community. Policymakers, managers, service providers, and evaluators integrate the concept of the seniors’ mental health policy lens in the analysis of impacts of policy framework. Continue reading →

The struggle to compensate and address issues affecting the disable in the society demands programs that meet their needs. In this case, the social security disability insurance was formulated to cover for any eventualities. The program seeks to provide benefits to workers who have been impaired or are significantly ill and can no longer be productive. This program also joins efforts with the social security program that deals with retirement benefits for the senior aged group. The intention of the program is to offer benefits to the disable workers, which will assist them cover for their personal needs and those of dependent family members. For these reasons, disable individuals will not suffer from their health conditions since they can still enjoy financial independence (Tomkiel, 2004). At the same time, they will be recognized for the contributions they made when they were able. This boosts their morale to give back to their dependants that lead to the financial growth and stability of a society. Continue reading →

The state of society is only achievable through a sense of order. Using this understanding, Jean-Jacques Rousseau formulated a theory that later came to form the basis for democracy in the modern day society. Rousseau dispels the theory of the jungle in which every man existed for himself. According to him, this age characterized by anarchy and mayhem existed way back before man got a sense of civilization but even then the nature of human relationships could not have permitted the existence of such an age. He thus formulated the theory of social contract, which has become relevant to this day. This theory espouses extensively on the type of relationships that exist in societies between the civilians themselves and the civilians and the ruling class. Continue reading →

The tempest is a pastoral tragic comedy written by William Shakespeare around 1611 during the Renaissance era. The vastly utilized criticism of the role of Prospero as the Tempest undisputed hero entail the captivating Caliban character, the scholar turned to slave. For the earliest critic, the persuasive claim of Caliban to the island ownership is evident enough of the questionable morality of Prospero. It is in actual fact that Caliban often and openly accuses Prospero for taking over his island. Caliban’s allegations which occasionally go undisputed are usually availed as evidence that Shakespeare invites the members of the audience in questioning the role of Prospero as the legitimate ruler of the island. Continue reading →