Individual Research Project Sample
My bioregional are is Chile. It is an area whose landscape consists of valleys and flat regions. It is a tropical area, experiences scarce rainfall. The area has arid, semiarid areas and the Atacama Desert. The area also has the Pacific coast ridges that are frequently covered in fog, which is caused by low decks of marine stratocumulus blown by the wind onshore. The area experiences shortage of water, which is caused by low levels of rainfall. The situation is made worse by the water code of 1981, which issues water rights to individuals. These means that an individual has access to water which they have rights to (Budds, 4). This mainly consists of the large scale commercial farmers, who have political connections enabling them to acquire water rights even in areas occupied by the peasant farmers. Politicization of access to water rights has led to the decline in the availability of water for peasant farmers. Similarly, large scale commercial farmers contribute to the inadequate water as they use pipes to divert water to their farmers for irrigation. Another issue that affects the availability of water is low temperatures, which leads to the low levels of rainfall and hence low water levels in wells and rivers (Garreaud, 193).
The inadequate water in the area is a leading cause of economic decline, which results from peasant farmer’s inability to make economic gain from their small scale farming activities. This has led to rural urban migration as peasant farmers seek alternative sources of income. This has also contributed to the loss of culture, and cultural practices such as farming. The key players in the issue are politicians, farmers consisting of small scale peasant farmers and large scale commercial farmers, and the government. The water rights policy in Chile directs that an individual can only access water in the catchment areas where they have rights. Large scale commercial farmers take advantage of the situation due to their economic ability, and acquire water rights in areas accessed by peasant farmers. Similarly, they subvert water to their farms for irrigation and plantation farming. The government lacks the legislative mechanisms to control the allocation of water rights. This is because rich farmers collude with politicians to acquire water rights (Budds, 335).
The earth systems in play in the inadequate water issue include the biodiversity. This affects the area due to the climatic conditions in the area. The low temperatures lead to freezing of the water, and reduce humidity in the atmosphere (Madaleno, 195). Fish farming is a valued economic practice among the peasant farmers, and it suffers adverse effects due to inadequate water in ponds and rivers. Similarly, low temperatures affect the development of the fish, leading to a decline in the aquifer’s economic strength. Political economic influence and interference also contributes to the scarcity of water in the area. This is because of the allocation of rights to control water catchment to the large scale commercial farmers. Politicians collude with the large scale farmers who are able to buy water rights. This means that peasant farmers are unable to acquire water rights, which leads to inadequate water supply in their farms as the water code policy favors the rich. Another issue in the earth systems is food sovereignty. This means that peasant farmers are unable to produce adequate food to sustain them, which exposes them to drought during the dry season (Budds, 324).
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